Exercice 1
E. Granulosus cestodiasis
Echinococcus granulosus belongs to the class of cestodes, and the
family of taeniids. Cestodes are obligate parasite hermaphrodite worms,
whose segmented body doesn’t possess any digestive tract.
Ovigerous segments of taeniids are
longer than wide (plus longs que larges). E. Granulosus is a very little tapeworm whose
length (longueur)
ranges from (varie de) 4
to
(à) 6 mm. Its last segment is greater than half the total length
of its body. The number of adult worms in a dog’s digestive tract
can [
reach, go up to, rise to, attain]
(atteindre) 150,000. The ovigerous segments, which are rejected in
faeces, are almost invisible to the naked eye (they are
about
(environ) 2-3mm long). Many species of mammals can be intermediate
hosts , man comprised, although most frequently the sheep is affected.
The embryos use the blood stream to reach the liver or the lungs, and
to form there a larva that is also called hydatid cyst. It is
spherical, its
mean (moyen) diameter being of a few centimetres, although in very rare cases its volume can rise to several litres.
Adult worms can live
slightly
(légèrement) more than 10 years in the digestive tract of
a dog. Eggs are very resistant in the environment and can resist more
than a year in temperatures ranging from –5
to 30°C, as far as hygrometry is sufficient. However, their survival is low in
deep
(profonde) water. Infestation occurs by the oral route by ingesting
food or water soiled by canine excrement, or less often by
transplacental route.
Echinococcus cestodiasis is a dangerous
zoonosis
(zoonose), therefore special attention must be paid to basic hygiene.
Moreover, carefulness is recommended when treating an infested dog,
this provoking the rejection of numerous eggs in the environment.
Exercice 2
Certain kinds of parasites are not likely to be found
higher than 1800 m
above (au-dessus) sea level.
When ALT seric activity [
reaches, attains, increases to, goes up to, rises to, is more than] 3 times its normal level, it highlights hepatocellular lesions.
Blood pH [
variation, range, span] is very tight.
Anaemia in a dog is considered extremely serious if PCV [
drops to, falls to, decreases to, goes down ton, reaches, attains] 13%.
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