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1- BLACKSHAW A.W., SAMISONI J.I., The testes of the cryptorchid ram, Res. Vet. Sci., 1967, 8, 187-193

2- FRASER A.F., PENMAN J.H., A clinical study of ram infertilities in Scotland, Vet. Rec., 1971, 89, 154-158

3- LUNSTRA D.D., SCHANBACHER B.D., Testicular function and leydig cell ultrastructure in long-term bilaterally cryptorchid rams, Biol. Reprod., 1988, 38, 211-220

4- MEMON M.A., Male infertility, Vet. Clin. North Am. Large Anim. Pract., 1983, 5, 619-635

5- MONET KUNTZ C., BARENTON B., LOCATELLI A., FONTAINE I., PERREAU C., ROCHEREAU DE REVIERS T., Effect of experimental cryptorchidism andsubsequent orchidopexy on seminiferous tubule functions in the lamb, J. Androl., 1987, 8, 148-154

6- PARKINSON T.J., Fertility and infertility in male animals, In: NOAKES D.E., PARKINSON T.J., ENGLAND G.C.W., Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 8th edn., W. B. Saunders Co. Ltd., London, England, 2001, 695-750

7- SMITH M.C., SHERMAN D.M., Reproductive system, In: Goat medicine, Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1994, 411-463

8- TARIGAN S., LADDS P.W., FOSTER R.A., Genital pathology of feral male goats, Aust. Vet. J., 1990, 67, 286-291

9- WATT D.A., Testicular pathology of merino rams, Aust. Vet. J., 1978, 54, 473-478